What happens now? A timeline of the SEP Case
What happens now? On 29 September 2026 / 30 September in Aotearoa New Zealand, Both ENDS lodged a formal complaint with the European Commission. It is the first complaint to the EU's Single Entry Point on environmental and climate grounds. It asks the Commission to hold New Zealand to two promises it made in its trade agreement with the EU: not to weaken environmental protection to encourage trade or investment, and not to undermine the Paris Agreement on climate change.
The process that follows is set out in the agreement itself. It has several steps, each one depends on the one before, and there is no fixed timetable. At every step, New Zealand can bring the process to an end by keeping its commitments.

The steps
1. Complaint filed (done). 29 September 2026, 19:00 CEST / 30 September, 06:00 NZDT. Both ENDS lodges a formal complaint with the European Commission through the Single Entry Point, the EU's complaints mechanism for trade agreements.
2. The Commission assesses (now). The Commission examines the complaint against its published criteria and responds to Both ENDS.
3. Raised with New Zealand. If the Commission takes the matter up, it raises it with the New Zealand government through the committees the agreement created.
4. Government-to-government consultations. Formal consultations between the EU and New Zealand.
5. Independent panel (only if not resolved). A panel of independent experts examines the matter and publishes its findings.
6. Time to put things right. If the panel finds a breach, New Zealand has a period to say how it will comply.
7. Suspension of trade benefits: the last resort. Possible only if the panel finds a breach of the Paris commitment. Applies to trade benefits granted to New Zealand as a country.
Three things to know
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New Zealand can end this at any stage. The complaint does not ask New Zealand to give anything up. It asks New Zealand to keep the commitments it signed. If it does, the process stops.
- Nothing in this process targets farmers, exporters or companies. Suspension of trade benefits is the last step, it is possible only for a serious and persistent breach of the Paris commitment, and it applies to benefits granted to New Zealand as a country. It cannot change a New Zealand law. Those decisions stay with New Zealand. What the complaint asks is that Europe apply its own rules.
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The Commission's process is confidential, so we will report on it. The Commission publishes little about individual complaints while it handles them. Both ENDS will publish a short update at each stage, listed below.
Why the process works this way
Every recent EU trade agreement contains a chapter on trade and sustainable development, with commitments on labour rights, environmental protection and climate. The Single Entry Point is where organisations in the EU can report a trading partner that is not keeping those commitments. The EU-New Zealand agreement is the first EU trade agreement in which a breach of the Paris commitment can, as a last resort, lead to the suspension of trade benefits. That last step exists so that the commitment carries weight. It is not the expected outcome. The complaint asks for the commitments to be kept.
Updates
29 September 2026. Complaint lodged with the European Commission through the Single Entry Point. The Commission is examining it against its published criteria.
There is no fixed timetable. Both ENDS will publish a short update at each stage.
For more information
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