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News / 2 July 2026

Land restoration can help mitigate and resolve conflict - but only if everyone has a seat at the table

Can restoring degraded land also help reduce conflict? According to experts from Niger, Ghana, the Netherlands and other regions, the answer is yes - but only when restoration is rooted in inclusive land governance, local ownership and social cohesion.

These were the key conclusions of the session The Importance of Inclusive Land Governance for Stability and Resilience in the Sahel Region at the LANDac International Conference 2026, co-organised by Both ENDS and hosted by INRAN (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Niger). The discussion brought together researchers and practitioners working across the Sahel to explore how restoring landscapes can also restore relationships between the different groups people who depend on these resources.

The idea for this session was inspired by the Communities Regreen the Sahel programme, coordinated by Both ENDS in partnership with INRAN and other local organisations across three Sahelian countries. The programme demonstrates how community-led land restoration can deliver tangible environmental and social benefits. To date, it has restored more than 150,000 hectares of degraded land (at an average cost of approximately €50 per hectare), established over 850 village committees to support inclusive local governance, and trained more than 100,000 farmers in Farmer-Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR), with strong participation from women and young people.

A clear message emerged from the discussions during this LANDAc session: land restoration is about much more than trees. In regions where farmers, pastoralists and other land users compete over increasingly scarce natural resources, successful restoration depends on building trust, creating fair governance systems and ensuring that all stakeholders can participate in decisions about land and resources.

Experiences from Niger offered compelling evidence. Prof Dr. Abasse Tougiani of INRAN shared how Farmer-Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR) has improved food security, strengthened livelihoods and restored millions of hectares of degraded land. But these achievements did not happen by chance. As Dr. Alan Channer explained, "Strong political will and effective governance are essential preconditions for successful restoration efforts. This is clearly demonstrated in Niger, where sustained government commitment, including support at the presidential level, enabled the rapid scaling of formal regreening initiatives." Combined with secure land and tree tenure, strong local institutions and farmer-to-farmer knowledge exchange, this created the conditions for restoration to flourish.

Inclusion was another recurring theme. Women, youth and pastoralist communities are often excluded from restoration programmes, despite being among the groups most affected by land degradation. Yet their participation can make the difference between success and failure. Sharing lessons from Ghana, Daniel Kofi Abu highlighted that "Experiences from Ghana showed that adapting restoration projects to include nomadic pastoralists – notably also women – reduced tensions with sedentary farming communities and strengthened social cohesion."

The speakers also challenged the assumption that restoration automatically leads to peace. Environmental recovery alone cannot resolve conflicts rooted in inequality, weak governance or insecurity. Instead, restoration should be viewed as part of a broader strategy that strengthens social cohesion, creates equitable access to natural resources and addresses the underlying drivers of conflict.

This message also carries important implications for Dutch development policy. Participants argued that the Netherlands should complement its growing focus on security with renewed investments in integrated approaches that tackle the root causes of instability through inclusive land governance, sustainable natural resource management, food security and economic opportunities for rural communities.

For Both ENDS and its partners, including INRAN, the conclusion was clear: healthy landscapes and peaceful societies go hand in hand—but only when restoration is designed with the different groups of people depending on these resources.

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