Palm oil problems still to be solved
Last week the 11th Round Table on Sustainable Palm Oil was held in Medan , Indonesia. One of the issues central to the discussions was the increasing conflict over land use, especially in Indonesia, but increasingly elsewhere in Asia, Africa and Latin America . The cause: the poorly controlled production of palm oil, a raw material for a wide range of products such as food and cosmetics, and as biofuel as an alternative to fossil fuels.
Prosperity and suffering
Palm oil brings prosperity in producing countries, especially for the large producers. But palm oil is also a source of conflict between palm oil giants and residents of the regions where plantations are often developed without taking into account the rights of local and indigenous people and nature. These conflicts between companies, governments and citizens are rarely resolved by the legal institutions of the countries involved.
RSPO
Since the establishment of the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil ( RSPO ) early 2000s, this partnership, with more than 1,300 member companies, aims to ensure that large-scale cultivation of palm oil produces no adverse consequences for human rights and the environment. RSPO members include almost everyone who has anything to do with palm oil: plantation companies, retail, banking, energy companies, processors and traders, and NGOs. Approximately 16 percent of the world's total palm oil is RSPO certified. But this doesn’t solve all the problems at all.
Resolving Conflicts
The increased demand for palm oil results in more demand for land to produce it. This causes more and more conflicts about land. The National Land Agency of Indonesia calculates that there are about 4,000 conflicts related to palm oil and land only in Indonesia. In 2009, Both ENDS initiated the establishment of a RSPO Dispute Settlement Facility (DSF), an intiative which was soon very broadly supported. It aims to help plantation companies and local communities to resolve conflicts over land. The RSPO Secretariat has now established a DSF -Unit with its own staff, assisted by an advisory board consisting of companies, mediation experts and NGOs.
Documentation
And it is badly needed. The recent publication ''Conflict or Consent - The Oil Palm Sector at the Crossroads'' by partner organizations Forest Peoples Programme , TUK and local organizations provides a detailed documentation of 16 serious land conflicts in Asia and Africa . Conflicts that also involve prominent members of the RSPO. Based on this report, FPP, Both ENDS , UK and Sawit Watch organized a three - day workshop preceding the 11th Round Table meeting, with 60 representatives of local NGOs and communities. The conclusion of this workshop was that the RSPO should report back to its members within six months about the progress of the handling of complaints and resolution of conflicts and improved screening and training of auditors ( "Certifying Bodies ' ).
Working to improve
During the opening of the Round Table itself, where more than 750 people participated, the film 'Mapping our Future ' was screened. This film is part of a program implemented by Both ENDS and ICRAF in collaboration with Mekon Ecology, Dutch universities, local NGO partners and the local administration of the district Sanggau in Central Kalimantan, to develop more participatory forms of land use planning.
Many questions
During the Round Table Conference, the members continued to work on the outcomes of the Workshop “Conflict or by Consent”, by discussing with plantation companies about concrete questions: How can land conflicts be prevented or resolved? What lessons are important? How can we better equip both local communities and companies to enter into negotiations well informed, in harmony and with respect for local conditions, culture and rights? How can indigenous peoples and local communities who see their country and their sources of income threatened by the land hunger of the palm oil producers, defend themselves against the attacks to their existence? In the near future, the RSPO needs to take concrete steps to answer these questions.
RSPO needs support
The RSPO can’t do it alone. A more pro-active attitude of governments - both in producer countries as in consumer countries - is essential. It is worth reminding that the RSPO was established because the same governments failed to regulate. Land conflicts, deforestation and pollution are the consequence of a corruption and a lack in enforcement of laws and adequate spatial planning. The rights of the local population and public goods such as forests are inadequately protected. It’s a good sign that besides NGOs, more and more companies insist that governments do what they should do. In addition, it is essential that traders and buyers of palm oil - particularly the supermarkets - only buy RSPO - certified palm oil. This also gives RSPO more power to enforce that plantation companies adhere to the agreements.
Both ENDS’ position in the RSPO last summer
One positive change achieved by the RSPO is a contribution to a decreasing number of forest fires. Last summer, when Indonesia and neighboring states were veiled in smoke, the RSPO strictly controlled whether its members were plantation companies that caused fires. RSPO hired independent experts to do research on this question. With satellite images, the fire sites were layed over the concession areas of RSPO members, and it was concluded that virtually none of the RSPO member has violated the 'zero' burning criteria.
Both ENDS is working hard to achieve the purposes of RSPO, as a member of RSPO, as representative of the social NGOs in the RSPO Board, as co-chairman of the RSPO DSF and through the support we provide to local organizations in producing countries.
More about the RSPO
Read more about this subject
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Publication / 10 April 2026
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News / 10 April 2026Both ENDS: strengthened FMO complaints mechanism is a step forward, but major gaps remain
Both ENDS welcomes the strengthened Independent Complaints Mechanism (ICM) of development finance institutions FMO, DEG and Proparco as an important step forward in accountability. Working directly with communities affected by development projects, we see daily how essential it is that people can access justice when they are harmed in the name of development. For many communities, this mechanism is one of the few avenues through which harm can be formally recognised and addressed in relation to these development banks.
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News / 9 April 2026Minister Sjoerdsma hosts roundtable conversations with civil society
This week, Minister Sjoerdsma organized roundtable conversations with civil society organizations – a valuable initiative that brings together Dutch civil society voices to address critical challenges faced by democratic societies.
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News / 26 March 2026New project: Climate Accountability in EU Trade
Through its new project “Climate Accountability in EU Trade: Testing the SEP and DAGs for Climate-Linked FTA Enforcement” Both ENDS, with support from the European Climate Foundation, is exploring how the European complaints mechanism (SEP) and Domestic Advisory Groups (DAGs) can be more effectively used to advance climate accountability. The project runs for 13 months, until end of 2026.
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News / 24 March 2026Statement: Invest in local leadership for tropical forest management and local economies
IUCN-NL, Both ENDS, and 16 other Dutch and international civil society organizations (CSOs), networks, and expert groups are calling on the Dutch government to invest more strongly in locally led forest management and forest-based economies. This should be done within the framework of Dutch international cooperation and its associated policy instruments.
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News / 19 March 2026Winners of the ILED ‘Women Are Educators Award’ announced
Our partner organisation ILED (Indigenous-led Education Network) announced the seven winners of the ILED ‘Women Are Educators Award’ this month. These are women who play extraordinary roles in passing on knowledge, whether in formal or informal educational settings.
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Dossier /Global Alliance for Green and Gender Action (GAGGA)
GAGGA rallies the collective power of the women's rights and environmental justice movements to realize a world where women can and do access their rights to water, food security, and a clean, healthy and safe environment.
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News / 27 February 2026Both ENDS strengthens the resilience of female environmental defenders worldwide thanks to multi-year contribution from the Postcode Lottery
In recent years, Both ENDS has received an additional contribution of €875,000 from the Postcode Lottery for the Autonomy & Resilience Fund (2022–2025), implemented in collaboration with the Global Alliance for Green and Gender Action (GAGGA). This support was essential because female environmental rights defenders around the world are increasingly facing climate change, repression and shrinking civil space. With this contribution, Both ENDS supports female activists and their communities with flexible, trust-based funding, enabling them to develop their own solutions to urgent environmental and climate problems.
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News / 17 February 2026Civic space at the frontlines: "Build strong coalitions and counter repressive regimes"
Today, we look back on an inspiring event Civic space at the frontlines -
Environmental Defenders and the Role of International Trade and Investment Policy. The panel exist of Michel Forst, UN Special Rapporteur Environmental Defenders under the Aarhus Convention, Suzanne Kröger, Member of Parliament for GroenLinks–PvdA, Dr. Margit van Wessel, Associate Professor at Wageningen University, Anne de Jonghe, policy advisor at Both ENDS, and Jonila Castro, national spokesperson for Kalikasan People's Network for the Environment. With an audience of CSO experts, academics, accountability experts and students we discussed the effects of Dutch economic activity on Environmental Defenders, and what we all can do to support those on the front lines of the fight for the environment and human rights. -
News / 2 February 2026Response to the D66-VVD-CDA coalition agreement
Coalition: Repair the damage and dare to go further
At Both ENDS, we see a number of cautious steps in the right direction in this coalition agreement. There is a slight emphasis on green issues, renewed attention to women's rights, recognition of the importance of civil society, and discussion of trade agreements with a focus on mutual interests. However, without structural change in how we trade, invest, and cooperate, fine words remain empty shells.
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Dossier /Seeking justice for the affected communities of Vale’s mining disasters in Mariana and Brumadinho
In 2015 and 2019, the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais experienced two severe mining tragedies in Mariana and Brumadinho, due to the same mining company: Vale. Since then, the affected communities have been seeking justice, via the criminal punishment of the responsible parties, and a fair compensation for the loss of their loved ones, their homes and their livelihoods. Both ENDS supports local CSOs by amplifying their quest for justice within an international audience and, more specifically, by raising awareness amongst Dutch investors in Vale about the high risks this company’s activities pose for people and the environment.
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News / 2 February 2026Seven years after Brumadinho: impunity allows Vale’s disasters to continue
Seven years ago, the dam owned by mining company Vale collapsed in Brumadinho, Brazil, killing 272 people and severely polluting the surrounding area. While the relatives of the victims commemorate them and fight for justice, the pollution continues.
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Event / 26 January 2026Civic space at the frontlines
Environmental Defenders and the Role of International Trade and Investment Policy
Both ENDS invites you to an interactive dialogue with experts from the UN, policy, academia, and civil society on environmental defenders and international trade. Together, we will explore how citizens, policymakers, academics, and activists can defend civic space and support those on the frontlines of environmental and human rights struggles. With a focus on the Netherlands’ role in international trade and investment policy, and drawing on the experiences of activists from the Philippines, the event aims to foster solidarity and identify strategic priorities to better protect environmental defenders amid the global crackdown on civic space
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News / 22 January 2026Shell files new arbitration against the Netherlands over Groningen gas field closure
Shell is suing the Netherlands in yet another attempt to evade its responsibility for decades of gas extraction in Groningen. For years, gas production has triggered earthquakes, damaged over a hundred thousand homes, and left residents living in prolonged insecurity, still waiting for repairs, reinforcement, and justice.
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Dossier /Agua Zarca: indigenous fight against dam costs lives
Indigenous Hondurans are resisting the construction of the Agua Zarca hydrodam. Their fight has cost several lives, including that of Berta Cáceres. After considerable public pressure, Dutch development bank FMO withdrew from the project.
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Press release / 13 January 2026Investigation: FMO failed to exercise adequate control over project linked to the murder of Berta Cáceres
TEGUCIGALPA/UTRECHT, January 12, 2026 – The murder of indigenous environmental activist Berta Cáceres, which took place almost 10 years ago in Honduras, appears to be the result of an organized criminal operation, in which funds from the Dutch Development Bank FMO were misappropriated to finance illegal activities. This is the conclusion of the investigation report published today by the independent commission set up by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, the Honduran state, and the relatives of Berta Cáceres.
For years, FMO was a major financier of the Agua Zarca project. Berta Cáceres, an indigenous leader, fought against this controversial dam and was murdered for that reason in March 2016.
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Dossier /Gas in Mozambique
In 2011 one of the world’s largest gas reserves was found in the coastal province of Cabo Delgado, in the north of Mozambique. A total of 35 billion dollars has been invested to extract the gas. Dozens of multinationals and financiers are involved in these rapid developments. It is very difficult for the people living in Cabo Delgado to exert influence on the plans and activities, while they experience the negative consequences. With the arrival of these companies, they are losing their land.
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Blog / 11 December 2025Reflections on working on Dutch finance for Mozambique LNG
Last Tuesday, I received a short text message with big news: the minister had just announced that the financing policy for the Mozambique LNG project was stopped. It was a decision that I – along with so many others – have fought for for years. Only now, more than a week later, it is slowly sinking in that we have really won. The years of perseverance, frustration, discussions and investigations have finally led to this result. It still feels a bit surreal.
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Dossier /Export Credit Agencies: Who pays the price?
Both ENDS calls on the government only to provide export credit insurance to sustainable projects that cause no social and/or environmental damage in the countries where they take place.
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Press release / 2 December 2025End of Dutch involvement in controversial gas project in Mozambique in sight after TotalEnergies withdraws from Dutch insurance
THE HAGUE/CABO DELGADO, December 1, 2025 - Today, Minister of Finance Eelco Heinen announced that TotalEnergies is withdrawing from a $640 million Dutch export credit insurance policy for a controversial gas project in Mozambique. Although the Dutch government has been avoiding this decision for years, this move has finally ended part of the Dutch involvement in this disastrous project.
