Land restoration can help mitigate and resolve conflict - but only if everyone has a seat at the table
Can restoring degraded land also help reduce conflict? According to experts from Niger, Ghana, the Netherlands and other regions, the answer is yes - but only when restoration is rooted in inclusive land governance, local ownership and social cohesion.
Can restoring degraded land also help reduce conflict? According to experts from Niger, Ghana, the Netherlands and other regions, the answer is yes - but only when restoration is rooted in inclusive land governance, local ownership and social cohesion.
These were the key conclusions of the session The Importance of Inclusive Land Governance for Stability and Resilience in the Sahel Region at the LANDac International Conference 2026, co-organised by Both ENDS and hosted by INRAN (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Niger). The discussion brought together researchers and practitioners working across the Sahel to explore how restoring landscapes can also restore relationships between the different groups people who depend on these resources.
The idea for this session was inspired by the Communities Regreen the Sahel programme, coordinated by Both ENDS in partnership with INRAN and other local organisations across three Sahelian countries. The programme demonstrates how community-led land restoration can deliver tangible environmental and social benefits. To date, it has restored more than 150,000 hectares of degraded land (at an average cost of approximately €50 per hectare), established over 850 village committees to support inclusive local governance, and trained more than 100,000 farmers in Farmer-Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR), with strong participation from women and young people.
A clear message emerged from the discussions during this LANDAc session: land restoration is about much more than trees. In regions where farmers, pastoralists and other land users compete over increasingly scarce natural resources, successful restoration depends on building trust, creating fair governance systems and ensuring that all stakeholders can participate in decisions about land and resources.
Experiences from Niger offered compelling evidence. Prof Dr. Abasse Tougiani of INRAN shared how Farmer-Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR) has improved food security, strengthened livelihoods and restored millions of hectares of degraded land. But these achievements did not happen by chance. As Dr. Alan Channer explained, ‘Political will and effective land governance are preconditions for successful restoration efforts. This is clearly demonstrated in Niger, where sustained government commitment, including support at the presidential level, consolidated a farmer-led movement and the rapid scaling of regreening initiatives."
Combined with secure land and tree tenure, strong local institutions and farmer-to-farmer knowledge exchange, this created the conditions for restoration to flourish.
Inclusion was another recurring theme. Women, youth and pastoralist communities are often excluded from restoration programmes, despite being among the groups most affected by land degradation. Yet their participation can make the difference between success and failure. Sharing lessons from Ghana, Daniel Kofi Abu highlighted that "Experiences from Ghana showed that adapting restoration projects to include nomadic pastoralists – notably also women – reduced tensions with sedentary farming communities and strengthened social cohesion."
The speakers also challenged the assumption that restoration automatically leads to peace. Environmental recovery alone cannot resolve conflicts rooted in inequality, weak governance or insecurity. Instead, restoration should be viewed as part of a broader strategy that strengthens social cohesion, creates equitable access to natural resources and addresses the underlying drivers of conflict.
This message also carries important implications for Dutch development policy. Participants argued that the Netherlands should complement its growing focus on security with renewed investments in integrated approaches that tackle the root causes of instability through inclusive land governance, sustainable natural resource management, food security and economic opportunities for rural communities.
For Both ENDS and its partners, including INRAN, the conclusion was clear: healthy landscapes and peaceful societies go hand in hand—but only when restoration is designed with the different groups of people depending on these resources.
Read more about this subject
-
Dossier /Communities Regreen the Sahel
In various countries in the Sahel, vast tracts of land have been restored by the local population by nurturing what spontaneously springs from the soil and protecting the sprouts from cattle and hazards.
-
News / 5 November 2025Interview: Both ENDS at COP30 for Climate Justice and Systemic Change
Both ENDS is present at COP30 to advocate for genuine access to climate finance for locally led, gender-just climate solutions and the mechanisms that facilitate this, including those for farmer-led restoration. Furthermore, the organisation participates to ensure the crucial connection between the climate negotiations and the trade and investment frameworks that shape them.
Learn more about the Both ENDS team at COP30 below, and find all the activities and side-events in which Both ENDS will participate.
-
News / 14 October 2025Communities regreening the Sahel: strengthening resilience from the ground up
How can communities in the Sahel strengthen their food systems in the face of climate change and other shocks? Through the ARFSA Programme, Both ENDS and its partners SPONG (Burkina Faso), CRESA/INRAN (Niger) and IED Afrique (Senegal) are working together to show that locally led landscape restoration works. -
Dossier /Inclusive ways to sustainable and healthy food for all
All around the world small-scale farmers are using sustainable and inclusive methods to produce food. Working together with nature and each other, they provide their families and communities with sufficient and healthy food. But their production methods are under pressure from large-scale agriculture and the globally dominant system of industrial food production. Together with our partners, Both ENDS is trying to turn the tide in favour of sustainable, local practices that are mostly known as 'agro-ecological' or 'nature-inclusive'. Why are we focusing on these methods? Agro-ecological practices are climate-proof and inclusive and increase the opportunities for communities around the world to produce their food sustainably.
-
Environmentally Just Practice /Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration
In various countries in the Sahel, vast tracts of degraded land have been restored by the local population by nurturing what spontaneously springs from the soil. They do this using a method called 'Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR)'.
-
News / 13 January 2025New partnership with Netherlands Enterprise Agency for resilient food systems in Sahel
The situation in Africa's Sahel is the world's fastest-growing humanitarian crisis. Over 3 million people are fleeing violence. They are ravaged by hunger, disease and increasing drought caused by climate change. Both ENDS and its partners are successfully working on accelerating the resilience of local food systems and communities in the Sahel, based on ‘Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration’ (FMNR). The project, funded by DOB Ecology, will end in mid-2026, but has already been followed up thanks to a new collaboration with the Netherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO).
-
Event / 12 December 2024, 13:00 - 14:30Exploring new avenues of CSO participation in UNCCD processes
Enhancing inclusivity within UNCCD processes and its implementation by strengthening the involvement of civil society organizations (CSOs) and Indigenous Peoples.
-
Event / 11 December 2024, 13:00 - 14:30Making strategic impact: Shifting resources and power to women-led initiatives for Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN)
How donors, foundations and other funders can better support women-led initiatives in achieving Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN), focusing on challenges, collaboration, and opportunities for improved matchmaking.
-
Dossier /Small Grants Big Impacts
Small grants funds offer an effective, alternative way to channel big money from large donors and funds to local groups and organisations that are striving for a sustainable and just society everywhere around the world.
-
Event / 4 December 2024, 18:00 - 19:30Enhancing the role of civil society in the UNCCD to achieve Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN)
Effective local action by land-using communities is at the heart of achieving LDN globally. However, their contributions are often not well recognized or adequately supported by governments and other agencies. Within the UNCCD framework, civil society organisations play a key role in engaging with policymakers in the context of recognizing and supporting these contributions by local communities. The side event will engage participants in a GEF-supported joint Drynet/ IUCN initiative to enhance the capacities of civil society to engage effectively in the achieving Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) within the UNCCD framework.
-
News / 2 December 2024Ten recommendations for the UNCCD COP16 to strengthen its efforts in combating desertification, land degradation, and drought
For decades, our local partner organisations have been developing and promoting effective ways to combat land degradation, desertification, and drought. This includes regions like the drylands, as well as forests, and wetlands. Supporting these locally-led actions is essential to reversing negative trends. For COP16, Drynet has developed 10 recommendations to strengthen the implementation of the UNCCD. Success at COP16 would mean turning these recommendations into action, fostering inclusive land governance and sustainable land management practices globally. By enabling locally-led actions—particularly those led by women, youth, pastoralists, and Indigenous Peoples—we can build a more resilient future.
-
News / 2 December 2024Advocating for Local Solutions: Both ENDS at UNCCD COP16 to Champion Sustainable Land Management and Gender Equality
As the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) celebrates its 30th anniversary, the global community faces an urgent need to address the escalating challenges of land degradation, desertification and drought. At the forefront of these efforts, Both ENDS has long advocated for inclusive, locally-led solutions to these critical issues. In this interview, Nathalie van Haren and Yordanos Mulder, who will represent Both ENDS at the upcoming UNCCD COP16, share insights into the significance of the conference, the key issues on the agenda, and the crucial role of local communities in shaping effective land governance. They discuss Both ENDS' ongoing work to amplify the voices of marginalised groups and emphasise the importance of sustainable land management practices, particularly those driven by women, youth, and Indigenous Peoples.
-
News / 2 December 2024Both ENDS at UNCCD COP16
Since 1994, Both ENDS has been advocating for inclusive governance in addressing desertification, land degradation, and drought, ensuring local communities have a strong voice in global discussions. As a member of Drynet, a network of over 20 civil society organisations, we champion the inclusion of women, youth, and Indigenous Peoples in land governance and highlight the importance of locally-led initiatives. Our work promotes gender equality, agroecology, and sustainable land management. This landing page serves as a comprehensive hub for all information and updates related to the UNCCD COP16 and Both ENDS' efforts to drive positive change. Here, you’ll find key resources, initiatives, and insights into how locally-led solutions can shape the future of land governance and environmental sustainability.
-
News / 15 June 2023Combating drought by protecting saplings
Koussanar, in eastern Senegal, is a small town that is expanding rapidly, surrounded by villages still rooted in rural and nomadic life. The region is hot and dry, which is exacerbated by climate change. The soil in the region is also dry and often exhausted due to a combination of factors such as unsustainable agricultural practices, (peanut) monoculture, intensive agriculture, forest fires and overgrazing. Today, however, the region's farmers and nomadic pastoralists take a different approach. They are working towards a better future by committing to the restoration of degraded land using Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR).
-
News / 14 June 2023Both ENDS’s partners combat land degradation and drought
For decades, the local partner organisations of Both ENDS have been developing and promoting ways to fight land degradation, desertification and drought in their surroundings. And this accounts not only for regions like the Sahel, but also for forests and wetlands. To celebrate the UNCCD's Desertification and Drought Day 2023, we'd like to show a few examples of how our partners restore ecosystems to serve the well-being of people and the environment.
-
Environmentally Just Practice /Inclusive Land Governance
Both ENDS works with partners around the world to ensure that land is governed fairly and inclusively and managed sustainably with priority for the rights and interests of local communities.
-
Dossier /The merits of community-based restoration
Globally, the area that is suffering desertification and land degradation is ever expanding. Unsustainable and often large-scale agricultural practices, including the copious use of pesticides and fertilisers, are a major driver of land degradation, aprocess that is further exacerbated by climate change, causing more erratic rainfall patterns, longer periods of drought and unpredictable growing seasons. This is very problematic not only for the hundreds of millions of people who directly depend on land and water for their livelihoods, but also for life on earth as a whole. It is clear that this process must be stopped and reversed, better sooner than later. But how to go about it?
-
External link / 19 June 2020The social practice of regreening the Sahel (Annual Report 2019)
In the first two years of the programme "Communities Regreen the Sahel", more than 10,000 farmers have been trained in Farmer-Managed Natural Regeneration and the practice has expanded to more than 44,000 ha. Moreover, the number of agreements by farmers and nomadic pastoralists has increased significantly, which is important to avoid conflict over land use.
-
Event / 6 September 2019, 13:00 - 15:00UNCCD COP14: Communities regreen the Sahel
At the UNCCD COP14 in India, which is taking place from 2-13 September 2019, Both ENDS is co-organising a number of side events.
-
News / 16 August 2019Opinion: "Sustainable land use needs radical policy change"
Today, an op-ed by Nathalie van Haren and Stefan Schüller was published in the Dutch national newspaper De Volkskrant about the IPCC's latest report "Climate Change and Land". Below you find the English translation.