Both ENDS

News / 17 February 2026

Civic space at the frontlines: "Build strong coalitions and counter repressive regimes"

Today, we look back on an inspiring event Civic space at the frontlines -
Environmental Defenders and the Role of International Trade and Investment Policy.  The panel exist of Michel Forst, UN Special Rapporteur Environmental Defenders under the Aarhus Convention, Suzanne Kröger, Member of Parliament for GroenLinks–PvdA, Dr. Margit van Wessel, Associate Professor at Wageningen University, Anne de Jonghe, policy advisor at Both ENDS, and Jonila Castro, national spokesperson for Kalikasan People's Network for the Environment. With an audience of CSO experts, academics, accountability experts and students we discussed the effects of Dutch economic activity on Environmental Defenders, and what we all can do to support those on the front lines of the fight for the environment and human rights.

The concern about growing repression against defenders amid increasing authoritarianism and shrinking civil space was share by all. And while it is important to continue fighting for strict regulations on for example binding human rights due diligence, De Jonghe pointed to discrepancy between paper realities that descibe how projects comply with international standards versus a reality of displacement, destruction and violent repression.

 

‘While companies can protect information by invoking competitive confidentiality, the burden of proof of violations of rights is with those that see their rights violatend. This should be reversed: transparency should be the norm and economic actors should bear the burden of proof.’

 

Castro pointed to the difficulty of prooving who is behind violent repression and harassment. She has been fighting large-scale land acquisitions in Manila Bay for years and was kidnapped by Philippine soldiers for several weeks in late 2023 while doing her work. "It's not easy to prove who is ultimately responsible for the violence and what exactly happened. Especially when you are constantly at risk."



Forst admitted that, as UN Special Rapporteur, he needs strong evidence to be able to process complaints. "If we talk to a company and we have no evidence, it's just accusations." But he also pointed out that one of the binding requirements is that individuals should not be harassed for exercising their rights. The EU and the Netherlands have a binding obligation to defend environmental activists. That is why, in the coming days, he will be talking to various Dutch ministries about, amongst others a complaint that KPNE, together with Both ENDS and Global Witness, has filed about Boskalis and the Dutch government. This complaint concerns the responsibility these parties have under the Aarhus Convention to use their influence to prevent and mitigate human rights violations. Particularly it points to this responsibility in relation to the continued intimidation and harrasment of Castro and Tamano after they were abducted in 2023.

 

Castro concluded by making a strong case for building a movement to counterbalance the authoritarian powers, who fail to implement regulations. "By involving everyone, young people, older people, communities, civil society organisations, students, you can build strong coalitions and counter repressive regimes." The need to mobilise and forge alliances was strongly shared by Forst,  Kröger and Van Wessel.

 

At Both ENDS, we play a crucial – and often missing – role in the environmental justice ecosystem: we connect local communities with the levers of systemic change. Through our global network of more than 500 partners, we have built the infrastructure to make local voices heard in global decision-making spaces, so that policies and investments reflect the realities and priorities of the most affected communities. In this way, we translate local realities and expertise into global advocacy, and global commitments into meaningful local action.

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